Miha Cerkvenik began his basketball journey at the Peter Vilfan Basketball School before joining the youth ranks of the then-Union Olimpija, first wearing the Dragons’ jersey at the U12 level. He developed as a player in Stožice and represented the Ljubljana club at every youth level. He got his first taste of senior basketball in the 2018/19 season, playing for the second senior team of the then-Petrol Olimpija, before representing Cedevita Olimpija’s youth team in Slovenia’s Third Division in the 2019/20 season.

In the 2020/21 season, Cerkvenik joined Ilirija on loan from Cedevita Olimpija and competed in Slovenia’s Second Division and the Alpe Adria Cup. He made his Slovenian First Division debut with the Ljubljana-based club in the 2021/22 season. Before the start of the 2022/23 season, he moved to Novo mesto to join Krka, where he spent three seasons. While playing for Cedevita Olimpija’s youth teams, he also competed at the EuroLeague Basketball Adidas Next Generation Tournament in Belgrade in the 2018/19 season, as well as at the Junior ABA League tournaments in the 2018/19 and 2019/20 seasons.

Cerkvenik recorded his best Slovenian First Division numbers with Krka in the 2023/24 season, averaging 12.3 points, 5.5 rebounds and 1.6 assists per game. In the 2024/25 season, he averaged 11.2 points, 4.7 rebounds and 1.1 assists in the Slovenian national championship. In the regional league, he was Krka’s third-leading scorer with 11.9 points per game, while also averaging 5.6 rebounds. He set his season-high in the ABA League with 23 points against FMP and delivered one of his best all-around performances against Cibona, finishing with 22 points, eight rebounds, three assists and two steals.

Ahead of the 2025/26 season, Cerkvenik returned to Cedevita Olimpija after three seasons in Novo mesto and became a full-time member of the Dragons’ first team for the first time. He made an immediate impact by hitting the game-winning three-pointer against Krka in the Slovenian Super Cup. In his first season back in Ljubljana, he appeared in 49 games across all competitions, averaging 4.7 points, 2.6 rebounds and 0.9 assists in just over 14 minutes per game. In the ABA League, he averaged 4.7 points, 2.1 rebounds and 0.8 assists, while contributing 2.4 points and 1.9 rebounds per game in the EuroCup.

Cerkvenik won all three domestic trophies with the Dragons in the 2025/26 season—the Slovenian Super Cup, the Spar Cup and the Slovenian national championship. Cedevita Olimpija also reached the quarterfinals of both the EuroCup and the ABA League Playoffs. Cerkvenik played an important role in the Slovenian championship finals against Krka, which the Ljubljana side won 3–0.

In recent years, Cerkvenik has also become part of the wider core of the Slovenian men’s national team. After appearing in the EuroBasket 2025 and Olympic qualifiers, he took part in the senior national team’s preparations for EuroBasket in the summer of 2025. Ahead of the 2026/27 season, he also represented Slovenia in the FIBA Basketball World Cup 2027 European Qualifiers. Over six qualifying appearances, he averaged 8.3 points, 3.5 rebounds and 0.7 assists in just over 24 minutes per game.